EXW – Ex Works

Seller: Makes goods available at their premises
Buyer: Handles pickup, export, freight, insurance, import
Risk: Transfers at seller’s warehouse

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FCA – Free Carrier

Seller: Hands goods to buyer’s carrier + completes export customs
Buyer: Takes over transport, insurance & import
Risk: After handover to carrier

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FAS – Free Alongside Ship

Seller: Places goods beside the vessel at origin port
Buyer: Loads, ships & manages all onward costs
Risk: When goods are alongside ship

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FOB – Free On Board

Seller: Loads goods on the vessel
Buyer: Pays ocean freight + all destination charges
Risk: Once cargo is onboard ship

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CFR – Cost & Freight

Seller: Pays ocean freight to destination port
Buyer: Bears risk once cargo is onboard
Insurance: Buyer

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CIF – Cost, Insurance & Freight

Seller: Pays freight + minimum insurance
Buyer: Risk transfers once cargo is onboard
Insurance: Seller (basic coverage)

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CPT – Carriage Paid To

Seller: Pays transport to named destination
Buyer: Assumes risk after first carrier handover

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CIP – Carriage & Insurance Paid To

Same as CPT, but seller also provides insurance up to destination.
Risk: Transfers at first carrier

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DAP – Delivered At Place

Seller: Delivers to buyer’s premises or chosen location
Buyer: Handles import duties & customs
Risk: At buyer’s location

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DPU – Delivered At Place Unloaded

Seller: Delivers goods unloaded at destination
Buyer: Manages import customs & duties
Risk: After unloading

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DDP – Delivered Duty Paid

Seller: Handles everything—export, freight, insurance, import duties
Buyer: Only receives cargo
Risk: At buyer’s location​

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